Revelation Chapter 9
A. The Fifth Trumpet Brings Demonic Locusts from the Bottomless Pit
1. A Star Fallen from Heaven (Revelation 9:1)
"Then the fifth angel sounded: And I saw a star fallen from heaven to the earth. To him was given the key to the bottomless pit."
a. The Fifth Angel Sounded
This is the fifth of the seven trumpets, marking the beginning of the first of three "woes" (Revelation 8:13). These woes signify an intensification of God’s judgment, transitioning from ecological calamities to demonic affliction.
Parallel to Seals and Trumpets:
The first four trumpets paralleled the judgments of the first four seals, focusing on earthly and environmental destruction.
The final three trumpets, like the final seals, focus on supernatural and spiritual realities, shifting attention to hell and demonic activity.
b. "A Star Fallen from Heaven"
The term star here does not refer to a celestial body but to a person, as indicated by the pronoun "to him." The verb fallen (past tense) indicates this being had already experienced a fall prior to John's vision.
Who Is This Star?
Possibilities: Suggestions have ranged from Nero, a fallen angel, Satan, the Word of God, or even a good angel sent by God.
Best Interpretation: This star is most likely a high-ranking angelic being. If this angel is the same as the "angel of the bottomless pit" (Revelation 9:11), it is likely a demonic entity or Satan himself. If not, it may be a good angel fulfilling a divine commission.
Connection to Satan:
This passage may allude to Isaiah 14:12, which describes Lucifer’s fall: "How you are fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning!"
Similarly, Luke 10:18 records Jesus saying, "I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven."
c. "To Him Was Given the Key to the Bottomless Pit"
The key, representing authority and control, is given to this being. This shows that:
The being does not inherently possess the authority but receives it from God.
This act is part of God’s sovereign plan, underscoring that even rebellious beings operate within His ultimate control.
Satan's Role in Hell:
Scripture does not support the popular misconception of Satan as the ruler of hell. Instead, hell is his prison and eventual punishment (Revelation 20:10). The "key" here signifies a temporary authority granted for a specific purpose.
d. "The Bottomless Pit"
The term bottomless pit (Greek: abyssos) refers to a specific realm of imprisonment for demonic beings.
Biblical References to the Abyss:
Luke 8:31: The demons in the man of Gadara begged Jesus not to send them into the abyss.
2 Peter 2:4 and Jude 6: These passages describe fallen angels bound in chains, awaiting judgment.
Romans 10:7: Paul uses the word abyss to refer to the realm of the dead.
Literal or Symbolic?
Some interpret the bottomless nature symbolically, representing an endless void of torment. Others suggest it could be a literal location, potentially at the earth's core, where gravitational forces create a sense of "bottomlessness."
Wrongly Spiritualized Interpretations:
Some allegorical interpretations describe the star as the Word of God and the abyss as human nature. These interpretations, however, deviate from the plain, literal meaning of the text.
Key Lessons and Insights
1. The Sovereignty of God Over Judgment
The star’s fall, the granting of the key, and the unleashing of the abyss all occur under God’s sovereign control. This demonstrates that no event, even demonic activity, happens outside of His authority.
Lesson: Believers can trust in God’s control, even in the darkest times, knowing that He directs all things according to His perfect plan (Romans 8:28).
2. The Reality of Spiritual Warfare
The unleashing of the bottomless pit signifies a dramatic escalation in spiritual warfare during the tribulation. This reminds believers of the real and present activity of both angels and demons.
Ephesians 6:12: "For we do not wrestle against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this age, against spiritual hosts of wickedness in the heavenly places."
3. The Role of Satan and His Demonic Forces
Though Satan is portrayed here as fallen and limited, his temporary authority over the abyss aligns with his role as a deceiver and destroyer.
John 8:44: Jesus describes Satan as "a murderer from the beginning" and "the father of lies."
Revelation 12:12: Satan's fury increases because he knows his time is short.
4. The Progression of Judgment
The transition from ecological judgments to demonic affliction demonstrates an intensification of God’s wrath.
Romans 1:24-28 shows a parallel progression: as people reject God, He "gives them over" to increasing levels of sin and its consequences.
5. The Need for Spiritual Readiness
For unbelievers, the opening of the abyss serves as a warning to repent before it is too late. For believers, it underscores the urgency of proclaiming the gospel.
2 Corinthians 6:2: "Behold, now is the accepted time; behold, now is the day of salvation."
Additional Considerations
There are a few nuances we might elaborate upon further, even though they are not strictly required for clarity:
Connection to Future Judgment Events:
The unleashing of the abyss in Revelation 9 serves as a precursor to the final binding of Satan in Revelation 20:1-3. This reinforces the overall framework of God's plan for ultimate victory over evil.
Typological Parallels:
Consideration of typology from Old Testament judgments, such as the ten plagues in Egypt, which parallel the escalating divine judgments in Revelation.
Symbolism in the Key:
The "key" could symbolize Christ's ultimate authority over life, death, and hell (Revelation 1:18), even if temporarily delegated to this fallen star.
Connection to Other Angelic Beings in Revelation:
The distinction between the star of Revelation 9:1 and other angelic figures in the book, particularly Michael (Revelation 12:7-9) and the angel with the chain in Revelation 20:1-3.
2. (2-6) Locusts from the bottomless pit.
And he opened the bottomless pit, and smoke arose out of the pit like the smoke of a great furnace. So the sun and the air were darkened because of the smoke of the pit. Then out of the smoke locusts came upon the earth. And to them was given power, as the scorpions of the earth have power. They were commanded not to harm the grass of the earth, or any green thing, or any tree, but only those men who do not have the seal of God on their foreheads. And they were not given authority to kill them, but to torment them for five months. Their torment was like the torment of a scorpion when it strikes a man. In those days men will seek death and will not find it; they will desire to die, and death will flee from them.
Verse-by-Verse Analysis
a. Out of the smoke locusts came upon the earth: These are not ordinary locusts but a representation of demonic hordes unleashed from the abyss. They emerge from the thick smoke, symbolic of the oppressive, blinding influence of hell unleashed upon the world.
Not Natural Locusts: Unlike natural locusts, which devour vegetation, these demonic beings avoid plants and attack humans. Their behavior confirms their supernatural and malevolent nature.
Joel 2:2-11 provides an Old Testament parallel with imagery of locust-like invaders as instruments of divine judgment.
Hordes of Demons: This aligns with the premillennial view that the Tribulation includes a literal unleashing of demonic activity. Walvoord aptly describes them as "a visual representation of the hordes of demons loosed upon the earth."
Not Symbolic of Specific Groups: Some historical interpretations have attempted to identify these locusts as heretics, Muslims, Turks, Jesuits, or other groups, but such allegorization misses the plain meaning of the text. This is a literal, supernatural judgment.
b. The seal of God on their foreheads: Those marked with God's seal, likely the 144,000 mentioned in Revelation 7:3-4, are spared from this torment. This protection reflects God's sovereignty and care for His own amid judgment.
Protection of the Righteous: Just as the Israelites were spared in Egypt during the plagues (Exodus 12:23), those sealed by God are untouched.
A Limited Scope: This demonstrates the precision of God's judgment; it does not randomly fall on creation but targets those who reject Him.
c. They were not given authority to kill them, but to torment them for five months: God sets clear boundaries on these demons. They are allowed to torment but not kill, and their reign of terror is limited to five months.
God’s Sovereignty in Judgment: Even in wrath, God’s control is evident. These judgments are not chaotic but precise, measured, and purposeful, aiming to bring about repentance (Revelation 9:20-21).
The Nature of the Torment: Their power is likened to that of scorpions, whose stings are excruciating but rarely fatal. The torment is both physical and spiritual, as the victims experience prolonged suffering without relief.
Five Months: This duration may symbolize the life cycle of a natural locust swarm, emphasizing the supernatural nature of these creatures and their torment.
d. In those days men will seek death and will not find it; they will desire to die, and death will flee from them: The torment is so severe that victims long for death as an escape, but they are unable to die. This highlights the hopelessness and horror of judgment without repentance.
Desire for Death: Unlike Paul’s longing for death in Philippians 1:21-23 (where death is seen as a gateway to eternal union with Christ), these individuals see death as a way to escape torment. However, their desire for death only underscores their despair, as there is no relief from judgment.
A Demonic Deception: The false promise of death as an escape is a tactic of Satan to blind people from the reality of eternal punishment. The tragic belief of individuals like Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold that death leads to a "better place" reflects this lie. Their unrepentant actions only sealed their eternal separation from God.
Hell on Earth: This passage gives a chilling foretaste of eternal damnation. Those enduring this judgment experience hellish torment even before the final judgment.
Theological Insights
God’s Sovereignty Over Judgment:
The demons are unleashed only at God’s command and within His limitations. Even the powers of hell cannot act outside God’s permission (Job 1:12, Luke 22:31-32).
The Reality of Spiritual Warfare:
This passage underscores the unseen spiritual forces at work. It is a vivid reminder of the ongoing battle between God’s kingdom and the powers of darkness (Ephesians 6:12).
The Futility of Rebellion Against God:
Those tormented by the locusts are unsealed, indicating their rejection of God. Their suffering is a direct result of rebellion, yet their unwillingness to repent reveals the hardness of the human heart.
The Need for Repentance:
The goal of judgment is not destruction but repentance (2 Peter 3:9). However, this passage shows that some will refuse to repent even under extreme duress (Revelation 9:20-21).
Lessons for Believers
Assurance of God’s Protection:
Those sealed by God are immune to these judgments. This reminds believers that nothing can separate them from God’s love and protection (Romans 8:38-39).
Urgency of Evangelism:
The torment of these judgments highlights the need to warn others about the reality of sin, judgment, and the hope found in Christ. Now is the time for repentance (2 Corinthians 6:2).
The Deceptiveness of Sin:
The desire for death as an escape illustrates the ultimate lie of sin: that it offers freedom when it only leads to greater bondage. True freedom is found only in Christ (John 8:36).
This passage serves as a sobering reminder of the severity of God’s judgment, the reality of spiritual warfare, and the urgency of repentance. Believers are called to stand firm in their faith, warn others of coming judgment, and rest in the assurance of God’s sovereignty and protection.
3. (7-10) The Appearance of These Locusts
The shape of the locusts was like horses prepared for battle. On their heads were crowns of something like gold, and their faces were like the faces of men. They had hair like women’s hair, and their teeth were like lions’ teeth. And they had breastplates like breastplates of iron, and the sound of their wings was like the sound of chariots with many horses running into battle. They had tails like scorpions, and there were stings in their tails. Their power was to hurt men five months.
Verse-by-Verse Analysis
a. The shape of the locusts was like horses prepared for battle: The description conveys the terrifying appearance of these locusts, emphasizing their readiness for destruction. Their portrayal as horses prepared for battle signifies their power, speed, and focus on carrying out God’s judgment.
Connection to Old Testament Judgment: Locusts are a consistent biblical symbol of divine judgment (Exodus 10:4-14; Joel 1:4; Amos 4:9). However, these are not natural locusts; they are demonic beings that mirror the destructive nature of locusts in a supernatural way.
Symbolic Yet Literal Judgment: The description is symbolic, as indicated by repeated use of the word "like," but the effects of their judgment are real and devastating.
b. On their heads were crowns of something like gold: The crowns indicate authority and victory in their mission of judgment. Their "crowns of something like gold" may represent a counterfeit glory, as they are empowered for destruction.
c. Their faces were like the faces of men: The human-like faces signify intelligence and cunning, traits not typical of natural locusts. This reinforces the idea that these are demonic beings with intentional and malevolent purpose.
d. They had hair like women’s hair, and their teeth were like lions’ teeth: These details highlight their unnatural and grotesque appearance:
Hair Like Women’s Hair: This may imply a seductive quality, indicating their ability to lure or deceive before unleashing torment. It emphasizes their perverse and deceptive nature.
Teeth Like Lions’ Teeth: This imagery stresses their ferocity and ability to cause severe harm, much like a lion tearing its prey.
e. Breastplates like breastplates of iron: This suggests invulnerability and resistance to harm. Their breastplates make them impervious to human retaliation, emphasizing the helplessness of those they torment.
f. The sound of their wings was like the sound of chariots with many horses running into battle: The sound of their wings amplifies their terror. It conveys their sheer number, speed, and unstoppable force, overwhelming their victims as they swarm like an invading army.
g. They had tails like scorpions, and there were stings in their tails: Their tails, with stings like scorpions, are their primary weapon of torment. The pain inflicted by these stings is likened to the excruciating pain of a scorpion’s sting, yet it does not bring death.
h. Their power was to hurt men five months: The duration of their torment is divinely limited. Five months corresponds to the typical lifespan of a natural locust swarm, further emphasizing the parallel. However, this torment is not natural; it is uniquely orchestrated by God as part of His judgment.
Theological Insights
A Visual Representation of Demonic Activity:
The grotesque and hybrid features of these locusts reflect the unnatural and horrifying nature of demonic forces. Their appearance serves as a reminder of the spiritual reality behind the physical world (Ephesians 6:12).
Judgment as a Result of Rebellion:
These locusts are instruments of divine judgment, unleashed upon those who reject God. This judgment is not random but directed at the unrepentant (Revelation 9:4).
God’s Sovereignty Over Demonic Forces:
While these demonic beings are terrifying, they operate under divine permission and within God-ordained limits. They cannot harm those sealed by God, underscoring His sovereignty and protection over His people.
Counterfeit Glory and Power:
The crowns and human-like intelligence of these locusts may suggest a parody of divine authority. This reflects Satan’s consistent strategy of counterfeiting God’s truth to deceive and destroy.
A Warning of Hell’s Torment:
The prolonged suffering inflicted by these locusts foreshadows the eternal torment of hell, where relief is unattainable. It serves as a warning to repent and turn to Christ for salvation.
Lessons for Believers
God’s Protection for His People:
The sealing of God’s people assures believers that they are secure in His care, even amidst judgment (Revelation 7:3-4, Romans 8:38-39).
Urgency of Repentance:
The torment inflicted by these locusts demonstrates the horrors of rejecting God’s grace. Believers must proclaim the gospel with urgency, warning others of the consequences of sin and pointing them to salvation in Christ.
Spiritual Vigilance:
This passage reminds believers of the reality of spiritual warfare and the need to remain vigilant, putting on the full armor of God (Ephesians 6:10-18).
Confidence in God’s Sovereignty:
Even in the midst of terrifying judgment, God’s control is absolute. This truth gives believers confidence to trust in His plan and purposes.
This passage provides a vivid picture of divine judgment and the consequences of rebellion against God. It challenges believers to remain steadfast in their faith, confident in God’s sovereignty, and urgent in sharing the hope of the gospel.
4. (11) The Leader of These Locusts
And they had as king over them the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in Hebrew is Abaddon, but in Greek he has the name Apollyon.
Verse-by-Verse Analysis
a. And they had as king over them: The presence of a king over these locusts further confirms their demonic nature, distinguishing them from natural locusts. Proverbs 30:27 reminds us that “The locusts have no king, yet they all advance in ranks,” emphasizing that these locusts are supernatural beings under organized, malevolent leadership.
Demonic Hierarchy: This demonstrates a structured order among demonic forces, highlighting the intelligence and intentionality behind their destructive actions (Ephesians 6:12).
Contrast to God's Kingdom: This king, leading the forces of destruction, is the antithesis of Christ, the King who brings life, peace, and restoration.
b. Whose name in Hebrew is Abaddon: The Hebrew name Abaddon translates to "destruction" or "place of destruction." It is used in the Old Testament to describe a realm associated with death and the grave (Job 26:6; Proverbs 15:11). Here, it personifies the king of these demonic locusts.
Abaddon in Old Testament Context: In Hebrew thought, Abaddon was closely tied to Sheol, the place of the dead. In this passage, the name suggests complete ruin and torment as part of God’s judgment.
c. But in Greek he has the name Apollyon: The Greek equivalent, Apollyon, means "destroyer." This emphasizes his role as a bringer of destruction, consistent with the nature of the locusts and their torment.
Connection to Satan: Whether this being is Satan himself or another high-ranking demonic leader, he reflects Satan's purpose of stealing, killing, and destroying (John 10:10).
Symbol of Destruction: The dual mention of his name in both Hebrew and Greek underscores the universality of his destructive influence, appealing to both Jewish and Gentile readers.
d. The angel of the bottomless pit: This title connects the king to the abyss, the prison of demonic spirits (Luke 8:31; 2 Peter 2:4; Jude 1:6). As the ruler of this pit, he embodies the torment and destruction unleashed from its depths.
A High-Ranking Demon: If this angel is not Satan, he is a powerful and malevolent figure in Satan’s hierarchy, reflecting the organized rebellion against God.
Instrument of Judgment: Though this angel leads demonic forces, his actions are ultimately under God’s sovereign control, as he carries out divine judgment on the unrepentant.
Theological Insights
God’s Sovereignty Over Evil:
Even this powerful and destructive being operates within limits set by God. The key to the bottomless pit was given to the angel by God (Revelation 9:1), showing that all events unfold according to His divine plan.
Judgment Reflects the Nature of Rebellion:
The destructive nature of Abaddon/Apollyon and his forces mirrors the consequences of rejecting God. Those who align themselves with sin and rebellion ultimately face the leadership of a destroyer.
Contrast Between Christ and Satan:
Where Christ offers abundant life and salvation, the leader of these locusts personifies death, torment, and ruin. This highlights the stark choice humanity faces between following Christ or remaining in rebellion.
A Warning to the Unrepentant:
The unleashing of Abaddon’s forces serves as a powerful warning to those who persist in sin. It demonstrates the ultimate outcome of rebellion—a destiny dominated by destruction and torment.
Lessons for Believers
Rejoice in God’s Protection:
Believers sealed by God are protected from the torment of Abaddon and his forces (Revelation 9:4). This should inspire gratitude and confidence in God’s care.
Proclaim the Urgency of Repentance:
The vivid depiction of destruction underscores the need for urgent evangelism. Believers must share the gospel, warning of the consequences of sin and offering the hope found in Christ.
Be Aware of Spiritual Realities:
This passage reveals the organized nature of demonic forces. Believers should remain vigilant in spiritual warfare, relying on the armor of God (Ephesians 6:10-18).
Rest in Christ’s Victory:
Though Satan and his forces seem powerful, they are ultimately defeated enemies. Christ’s victory on the cross ensures that their time is limited, and their destruction is certain.
5. (12) The Worst Is Yet to Come
One woe is past. Behold, still two more woes are coming after these things.
a. One woe is past:
The events of the fifth trumpet—marked by the release of the demonic locusts—constitute the first woe. This announcement serves as a solemn reminder that God’s judgment is far from over.
A Progressive Escalation: The horrors of the fifth trumpet are only the beginning, indicating that the following judgments will be even more severe.
b. Behold, still two more woes are coming after these things: The remaining trumpets will bring unprecedented judgment, intensifying the suffering on earth. This serves as both a warning and a call to repentance.
The Mercy in the Warning: God’s announcement of the coming woes gives an opportunity for repentance, even as judgment intensifies.
The Certainty of Judgment: The declaration ensures that the remaining judgments will come to pass, reinforcing the inevitability of God’s plan.
Lessons for Believers
Trust in God’s Plan:
Even amidst escalating judgment, God’s purposes are perfect and just. Believers can trust in His sovereignty and righteousness.
Share the Hope of the Gospel:
The increasing severity of judgment highlights the urgency of proclaiming the gospel. Believers have the privilege and responsibility to offer the world hope through Christ.
Remain Vigilant in Faith:
As the world faces increasing rebellion and judgment, believers are called to remain steadfast in their faith, relying on God’s promises and His ultimate victory.
B. The Sixth Trumpet: An Army of Destruction
1. (13) A Voice from the Altar
Then the sixth angel sounded: And I heard a voice from the four horns of the golden altar which is before God.
a. I heard a voice from the four horns of the golden altar:
The golden altar is a recurring symbol in Scripture, representing the prayers of God’s people ascending as incense before His throne. This imagery points to the significant role of prayer in the unfolding of God’s judgment.
Old Testament Connection: In the tabernacle and temple, the golden altar stood before the veil in the Holy Place, symbolizing intercession for the people. Blood from sacrifices was applied to the horns of the altar on the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16:18). This underscores the atoning work that makes access to God possible.
Prayers and Judgment: Revelation highlights how the prayers of the saints are not forgotten but are instrumental in God’s ultimate justice. The voice emanating from the altar reminds us of the martyr’s cry in Revelation 6:10: "How long, O Lord, holy and true, until You judge and avenge our blood on those who dwell on the earth?"
b. The four horns of the golden altar:
The horns symbolize power, authority, and refuge in biblical imagery. Blood was applied to these horns to signify atonement, and fugitives could cling to the horns as a plea for mercy (1 Kings 1:50). Here, the voice from the altar indicates that judgment is proceeding in response to divine justice and the prayers of the saints.
2. (14-15) The Angels and Their Mission
Saying to the sixth angel who had the trumpet, “Release the four angels who are bound at the great river Euphrates.” So the four angels, who had been prepared for the hour and day and month and year, were released to kill a third of mankind.
a. Release the four angels who are bound at the great river Euphrates:
These angels, unlike most angelic beings, are bound—suggesting they are likely fallen angels. Their release unleashes destruction on a massive scale, furthering God’s divine plan.
The Binding of Angels: Binding is associated with judgment or restraint for specific purposes. For example, 2 Peter 2:4 and Jude 1:6 describe certain fallen angels who are bound until the day of judgment.
The Specificity of God's Timing: The preparation for the hour and day and month and year emphasizes God's sovereign control. Every aspect of this judgment is precise and ordained.
b. Were released to kill a third of mankind:
The scale of destruction is unprecedented. While the previous judgment involving locusts brought torment, these angels are given the authority to kill, leading to the death of one-third of humanity.
God’s Sovereign Control Over Evil: Even these destructive angels are subject to God's will. Their actions align with His divine purpose, demonstrating that even evil serves a greater redemptive plan.
Cumulative Death Toll: Combined with the earlier judgments of Revelation, the world’s population is significantly reduced, intensifying the severity of the tribulation period.
c. The Great River Euphrates:
The Euphrates holds immense historical and theological significance in Scripture, making its mention here particularly meaningful.
Biblical and Historical Importance:
The Euphrates is one of the four rivers that flowed out of Eden (Genesis 2:10-14).
It is linked to early human rebellion, including the Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1-9), and the rise of the first dictator, Nimrod (Genesis 10:8-10).
It marked the eastern boundary of the Promised Land (Genesis 15:18) and was a border of the Roman Empire, which will be revived under the Antichrist.
Symbol of Rebellion: The Euphrates has historically been associated with sin, rebellion, and judgment. Its mention here reinforces its role as a focal point of divine retribution.
d. The Historical and Prophetic Role of the Euphrates:
The Euphrates is not merely geographical but serves as a theological marker, symbolizing humanity’s repeated defiance against God. It is associated with:
The First Sin and Death: The garden near the Euphrates saw Adam and Eve’s rebellion.
First Murder: Cain’s exile near this region (Genesis 4:16).
First Organized Rebellion: The construction of the Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1-9).
First War Confederation: The conflict of kings in Genesis 14.
First Dictatorship: Nimrod’s empire (Genesis 10:8-10).
Theological and Eschatological Insights
Judgment as a Response to Rebellion:
The release of the four angels reminds us that God’s judgment is not arbitrary but directly tied to humanity’s rebellion against His sovereignty.
God’s Sovereign Timing:
The precise hour, day, month, and year of this judgment underscores that nothing happens outside of God’s perfect plan. Even amidst destruction, His control is evident.
The Role of Prayer:
The voice from the altar demonstrates the power of prayer in aligning with God’s purposes. Believers are reminded that their prayers contribute to the fulfillment of God’s redemptive plan.
Warning and Mercy:
The destruction of one-third of humanity is severe but not total. This partial judgment serves as a warning and an opportunity for repentance before the final wrath of God is poured out.
Historical Continuity:
The references to the Euphrates connect these future judgments to humanity’s past rebellion, showing that sin’s consequences span history and culminate in divine judgment.
Practical Lessons for Believers
Trust in God’s Sovereignty:
God’s precise timing and control over events, even in judgment, assure believers that He is faithful and just in all His ways.
Live with Eternal Perspective:
The unfolding judgments of Revelation remind believers to prioritize their relationship with Christ and live in anticipation of His return.
Pray with Confidence:
The role of the golden altar and the voice from its horns reinforce the power and importance of prayer in God’s plan.
Proclaim the Gospel Urgently:
The staggering loss of life during this judgment highlights the urgency of sharing the good news of salvation through Jesus Christ before it is too late.
Rest in God’s Justice:
While evil may seem unchecked, Revelation assures believers that God’s justice will prevail and that every act of rebellion will be addressed in His perfect time.
3. (16-19) Description of the army led by these angels
Now the number of the army of the horsemen was two hundred million; I heard the number of them. And thus I saw the horses in the vision: those who sat on them had breastplates of fiery red, hyacinth blue, and sulfur yellow; and the heads of the horses were like the heads of lions; and out of their mouths came fire, smoke, and brimstone. By these three plagues a third of mankind was killed—by the fire and the smoke and the brimstone which came out of their mouths. For their power is in their mouth and in their tails; for their tails are like serpents, having heads; and with them they do harm.
a. "The number of the army of the horsemen was two hundred million":
This staggering figure of 200 million horsemen is one of the most debated elements in eschatology. John specifies, "I heard the number of them," indicating he did not estimate the size but was explicitly told. Whether this number is literal or symbolic is a key question.
Literal View:
This number could refer to a literal army of 200 million human soldiers. While inconceivable during John’s time, some suggest this is possible today, especially with nations like China once claiming a comparable reserve force.
The vastness of such an army aligns with modern warfare capabilities, particularly if alliances or global conflicts result in massive troop mobilization.
Symbolic View:
Many scholars argue this is a symbolic representation of an overwhelming demonic force. The grotesque description of the horses and riders (see below) makes a purely human interpretation challenging.
The number may simply emphasize the immense, unstoppable nature of the army rather than a precise count.
b. "Breastplates of fiery red, hyacinth blue, and sulfur yellow":
The colors described—fiery red, hyacinth blue, and sulfur yellow—paint a vivid picture of destruction and terror. These colors could signify:
Fiery Red: The destructive power of fire.
Hyacinth Blue: The suffocating, choking presence of smoke.
Sulfur Yellow: The toxicity and poisonous nature of brimstone.
These colors suggest the lethal, catastrophic nature of the judgment being unleashed, pointing to supernatural or technologically advanced warfare.
c. "The heads of the horses were like the heads of lions":
This description highlights the unnatural, grotesque, and terrifying nature of these creatures. Their lion-like heads indicate:
Ferocity and Dominion: Lions symbolize power and terror in the Bible (Amos 3:8, "The lion has roared! Who will not fear?").
Supernatural Origin: Such features reinforce the interpretation that this army could be a demonic horde rather than a human force.
d. "Out of their mouths came fire, smoke, and brimstone":
The description of fire, smoke, and brimstone aligns with biblical imagery of divine judgment:
Fire: Often a tool of God’s wrath, as seen in Sodom and Gomorrah (Genesis 19:24: "Then the LORD rained brimstone and fire on Sodom and Gomorrah, from the LORD out of the heavens.").
Smoke: A symbol of destruction and suffocation, as in Revelation 8:4, where smoke also represents prayers mingled with divine power.
Brimstone: A sulfurous compound associated with torment and punishment, especially in descriptions of hell (Revelation 14:10: "He shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels and in the presence of the Lamb.").
The triple plague of fire, smoke, and brimstone kills one-third of mankind, signifying a massive, divinely ordained judgment.
e. "For their power is in their mouth and in their tails":
These creatures wield their destructive force in two places:
Mouths: Their ability to spew fire, smoke, and brimstone reflects their primary mode of destruction.
Tails like serpents: Their tails, described as serpents with heads, inflict harm and highlight their dual capacity for destruction. This could symbolize deception or torment, both associated with serpents (Genesis 3:1: "Now the serpent was more cunning than any beast of the field which the LORD God had made.").
Theological and Eschatological Lessons:
Judgment is Controlled and Limited by God: The repeated theme of "one-third" demonstrates that God’s judgment, though devastating, is not total. His mercy allows room for repentance (Revelation 9:20-21: "But the rest of mankind... did not repent.").
The Grotesque Army Points to Supernatural Realities: Whether literal or symbolic, this army highlights the spiritual war underlying physical judgments. It emphasizes the horrifying reality of demonic forces unleashed as part of God’s judgment.
Repentance is the Goal of Judgment: Despite the terror, the ultimate aim of these judgments is to bring sinners to repentance. God’s desire for repentance and salvation is consistent with His character (2 Peter 3:9: "The Lord is not slack concerning His promise... but is longsuffering toward us, not willing that any should perish.").
The Power of God Over Demonic Forces: Even this terrifying army operates under divine authority and timing. It is released at God's command, emphasizing that no power—natural or supernatural—is beyond His sovereign control.
A Call to Watchfulness: The vastness of this judgment serves as a reminder to live in light of Christ’s imminent return, preaching the gospel faithfully to those who face this wrath without the saving grace of Jesus Christ (Matthew 24:44: "Therefore you also be ready, for the Son of Man is coming at an hour you do not expect.").
Extended Discussion on the Demonic Aspects of the Army:
The army described in Revelation 9:16-19 has characteristics that strongly suggest a demonic origin rather than a purely human one. This interpretation aligns with the premillennial, pretribulational view, which emphasizes a literal, futurist understanding of Revelation. Here are detailed insights:
1. Connection to the Abyss (Revelation 9:1-3):
The previous verses describe the opening of the bottomless pit (Greek: abyssos), which releases a horde of demonic locusts upon the earth. This event ties the subsequent army to the supernatural realm. The abyss is referenced in:
Luke 8:31: The demons beg Jesus not to send them into the abyss, a prison for particularly vile demonic beings.
2 Peter 2:4 and Jude 6: Both passages speak of angels who are kept in chains of darkness, awaiting judgment.
This suggests that the army is either an extension of or linked to the demonic forces unleashed from the abyss.
2. Unnatural Characteristics:
The grotesque and surreal descriptions of the horsemen and their mounts point to beings that defy natural explanation:
Heads like lions: Symbolizing ferocity, dominance, and terror (Amos 3:8: "The lion has roared! Who will not fear?").
Mouths emitting fire, smoke, and brimstone: A clear connection to hellish imagery (Revelation 14:10: "He shall be tormented with fire and brimstone.").
Tails like serpents with heads: Evoking the cunning and lethal nature of demonic deception (Genesis 3:1: "Now the serpent was more cunning than any beast.").
The overall image is one of terror and destruction that transcends human imagination, further reinforcing their supernatural nature.
3. Judgment Reflecting Demonic Torment:
This demonic army is not merely destructive but also reflects the nature of hell:
Fire, smoke, and brimstone mirror the eternal torment described in hell (Revelation 20:10: "The devil… was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone.").
The torment they bring is severe and widespread, yet limited to one-third of humanity, showing that God allows these demonic forces to operate under His sovereign control.
4. Comparison with Other Biblical Demonic Armies:
The Bible describes other instances of demonic forces acting under God's judgment:
Joel 2:1-11: A locust-like army brings devastation in a way that parallels the judgment in Revelation. While some see Joel’s prophecy as historical, others view it as a foreshadowing of the tribulation.
Daniel 10:13: A spiritual battle involving angelic and demonic forces, where the "prince of Persia" is a demonic entity influencing human events.
These parallels reinforce the idea that the army in Revelation 9 is part of God’s judgment on humanity, utilizing demonic agents to fulfill His purposes.
5. Theological Implications:
God’s Sovereignty Over Demonic Forces: Though unleashed, these demonic beings act within the boundaries set by God. This reflects God’s ultimate authority over all creation, including fallen angels.
Judgment as a Foretaste of Hell: The horrific nature of this army serves as a forewarning of the eternal punishment awaiting those who reject God’s grace.
Connections to Other Eschatological Passages:
This army ties into broader eschatological themes found throughout Scripture:
1. Connection to the Sixth Bowl Judgment (Revelation 16:12-16):
The sixth trumpet judgment prepares the way for the sixth bowl judgment, where the Euphrates River dries up to make way for the kings of the east:
Revelation 16:12-16: "Then the sixth angel poured out his bowl on the great river Euphrates, and its water was dried up, so that the way of the kings from the east might be prepared."
This could indicate that the trumpet judgment is a precursor, setting the stage for the bowl judgment.
2. Connection to Armageddon (Revelation 19:11-21):
The demonic army may foreshadow or lead into the final battle of Armageddon:
Revelation 19:19: "And I saw the beast, the kings of the earth, and their armies, gathered together to make war against Him who sat on the horse and against His army."
Both passages describe vast, destructive armies mobilized during the tribulation.
3. Connection to Old Testament Prophecies:
Ezekiel 38-39: The invasion of Gog and Magog involves a vast army from the north, which some interpret as a precursor to or parallel with the events of Revelation.
Joel 2:1-11: As mentioned, the locust army described in Joel mirrors the devastation brought by the demonic forces in Revelation.
4. Daniel’s Vision of the End Times:
Daniel 9:27: The 70th week of Daniel describes the tribulation period when judgment is poured out on the earth.
Daniel 11:36-45: The rise of the Antichrist includes battles and destruction that may correspond to the events described in Revelation 9.
Practical Lessons for Believers:
Urgency in Evangelism: The horror of these judgments underscores the need to preach the gospel before the tribulation begins (Matthew 28:19-20: "Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations.").
Confidence in God’s Sovereignty: Even in the chaos of judgment, God is in control. Believers can trust that He is working all things according to His plan (Romans 8:28: "And we know that all things work together for good to those who love God.").
Preparation for Christ’s Return: The judgments emphasize the reality of Christ’s imminent return. Believers must live in holiness and readiness (1 Thessalonians 5:6: "Therefore let us not sleep, as others do, but let us watch and be sober.").
Revelation 9:20-21 (NKJV):
"But the rest of mankind, who were not killed by these plagues, did not repent of the works of their hands, that they should not worship demons, and idols of gold, silver, brass, stone, and wood, which can neither see nor hear nor walk. And they did not repent of their murders or their sorceries or their sexual immorality or their thefts."
Detailed Analysis
a. But the rest of mankind, who were not killed by these plagues, did not repent:
The remaining population of the earth, spared from death during the devastating plagues unleashed by the sixth trumpet, demonstrates a shocking lack of repentance. Despite the vivid display of divine power and judgment, humanity continues in rebellion, refusing to turn from sin.
The Hardness of the Human Heart:
The passage highlights the depth of human depravity and the natural inclination of the fallen heart to resist God (Jeremiah 17:9: "The heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked; who can know it?").
Even when confronted with cataclysmic events that undeniably reveal God's hand, mankind clings to sin rather than seeking reconciliation with the Creator.
Refusal to Repent Despite Warnings:
The survivors ignore the opportunity for repentance despite the unmistakable signs of judgment. Their refusal aligns with Jesus’ warning in Luke 16:31: "If they do not hear Moses and the prophets, neither will they be persuaded though one rise from the dead."
Parallels with Pharaoh’s Hardened Heart:
Similar to Pharaoh’s response during the plagues of Egypt (Exodus 7–12), mankind’s refusal to repent illustrates the persistence of rebellion even in the face of divine intervention.
b. That they should not worship demons, and idols:
Instead of turning to God, humanity continues to worship false gods, represented here as demons and idols.
Demonic Worship:
The text makes clear that idolatry, whether intentional or unintentional, involves worshiping demons:
Deuteronomy 32:17: "They sacrificed to demons, not to God, to gods they did not know."
1 Corinthians 10:20: "Rather, that the things which the Gentiles sacrifice they sacrifice to demons and not to God, and I do not want you to have fellowship with demons."
Idolatry is not limited to ancient pagan practices; it manifests in modern materialism, secularism, and devotion to worldly pursuits that replace God.
The Futility of Idolatry:
The idols described—made of gold, silver, brass, stone, and wood—are lifeless, powerless, and unworthy of worship. This echoes biblical condemnations of idolatry:
Psalm 115:4-8: "Their idols are silver and gold, the work of men’s hands. They have mouths, but they do not speak; eyes they have, but they do not see."
Isaiah 44:9-20: The folly of worshiping man-made objects is vividly ridiculed.
Modern Idolatry:
Today, idolatry often takes more subtle forms: worshiping wealth, fame, technology, or personal ambition. The enduring lesson is that anything placed above God is an idol.
c. And they did not repent of their murders or their sorceries or their sexual immorality or their thefts:
This catalog of sins reflects the moral decay of humanity during the tribulation. The sins mentioned are prevalent not only in the end times but also in the modern world.
Murders:
The sanctity of life is disregarded, and violence becomes commonplace. Jesus warned that murder begins in the heart (Matthew 5:21-22), and such hatred characterizes the last days:
2 Timothy 3:1-3: "In the last days... men will be lovers of themselves... unloving, unforgiving, slanderers, without self-control, brutal, despisers of good."
Sorceries:
The Greek word for sorceries is pharmakeia, which can also refer to the use of drugs in occult practices or as a means of escaping reality. This reflects both the spiritual deception of the end times and the rampant substance abuse prevalent in society today.
Sexual Immorality:
The term porneia encompasses all forms of illicit sexual behavior, including fornication, adultery, homosexuality, and other acts outside the boundaries of God’s design for marriage (Hebrews 13:4). This immorality is a hallmark of rebellion against God’s moral law.
Thefts:
The widespread culture of greed and dishonesty reflects the moral corruption of the human heart, where selfishness leads to exploitation and disregard for others.
Theological Lessons
1. The Severity of God’s Judgment and Man’s Rebellion
These judgments are both a demonstration of God’s righteous wrath and an opportunity for repentance. The fact that mankind persists in sin highlights the depth of human rebellion.
2. The Futility of False Worship
Worshiping idols—whether material or ideological—leads to destruction. True worship is reserved for the living God (John 4:23-24).
3. The Urgency of Repentance
The refusal to repent during the tribulation serves as a warning to all. Now is the time for repentance:
2 Corinthians 6:2: "Behold, now is the accepted time; behold, now is the day of salvation."
4. The Role of Deception in Idolatry
Demonic deception leads people to worship anything but the true God. Believers must guard against being seduced by the false promises of the world (1 Timothy 4:1).
5. The Gospel as the Only Solution
The sins listed here—murders, sorceries, sexual immorality, and thefts—are all forgiven in Christ. Without Him, these sins lead to judgment. The gospel offers deliverance:
1 John 1:9: "If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness."
Practical Applications
Guard Against Idolatry:
Examine your heart for anything that competes with God’s rightful place as Lord of your life.Pursue Holiness:
Resist the cultural norms of immorality, greed, and violence. Live a life that reflects God’s standards.Share the Gospel Urgently:
This passage reminds us of the need to evangelize now, before the final judgments of God.Pray for the Lost:
Intercede for those who are blinded by sin, asking God to open their hearts to repentance.Trust in God’s Sovereignty:
Even amid judgment, God’s purposes prevail. Believers can take comfort in His ultimate plan for redemption and restoration.
Additional Observations and Theological Insights: Revelation Chapter 9
The Fifth Trumpet: Demonic Locusts
The Nature of the Demonic Locusts
These locusts represent a specific and terrifying manifestation of God’s judgment. Premillennial theology views this as a literal event during the tribulation when demonic forces are unleashed.
Their release is directly tied to God’s sovereignty. Though Satan and his forces operate with evil intent, they cannot act outside of God's allowance (Job 1:12, Job 2:6).
Application: This reinforces the truth that even the most chaotic events serve God’s ultimate plan. Believers can trust in God’s control even in the face of impending judgment.
The Timing of the Tribulation Judgments
Premillennial, pretribulational theology emphasizes a clear distinction between the church age and the tribulation period. The demonic locusts' torment highlights a judgment specific to those left behind after the rapture.
This affirms the pretribulational rapture position, as the church is exempt from God’s wrath (1 Thessalonians 5:9). The presence of the 144,000 sealed Jews (Revelation 7:3-4) and the torment directed at those without God’s seal further emphasizes this distinction.
Lesson: For believers today, this is a reminder of the urgency to share the gospel. Those without Christ will face this judgment.
The Five-Month Torment
The specific duration (five months) underscores God’s mercy even in judgment. He sets clear limits on the torment to give humanity more time to repent.
This duration mirrors the life cycle of natural locusts, which last around five months, further emphasizing God's deliberate use of imagery that resonates with human understanding.
Insight: God’s judgments are both just and redemptive. They serve to draw people to repentance, even when His wrath is displayed.
Men Seeking Death but Unable to Find It
This speaks to the utter hopelessness of those under judgment. Death, often seen as an escape, becomes unattainable. This aligns with the doctrine of hell, where eternal suffering is described as unending (Matthew 25:46, Revelation 20:10).
Theological Implication: The judgment is a foretaste of eternal separation from God. It reveals the horror of rejecting Christ and the permanence of spiritual death.
The Sixth Trumpet: The Army from the Euphrates
The Four Angels Bound at the Euphrates
These are likely fallen angels, as holy angels are not bound. Their binding demonstrates that God’s judgment has been restrained until this specific moment.
The Euphrates River holds significant biblical importance:
It marks the eastern boundary of the Promised Land (Genesis 15:18).
It is associated with ancient Babylon, a consistent symbol of rebellion against God (Revelation 17:5).
Historically, it is the cradle of human civilization and rebellion, as seen in the Tower of Babel (Genesis 11:1-9).
The Army of 200 Million
Premillennial theology sees this as a literal army, likely demonic, but possibly including human elements influenced or possessed by demons. The grotesque description (lion heads, serpent tails) indicates supernatural involvement.
The sheer number emphasizes the scale of destruction in the tribulation. Whether this represents a literal demonic horde or a human army empowered by demonic forces, the judgment is unprecedented.
Lesson: The events underscore the escalating nature of tribulation judgments, with each stage growing more severe. God’s patience has limits, and His justice demands full retribution.
The One-Third Mortality Rate
The death of one-third of humanity is staggering. This highlights both the justice of God’s wrath and His mercy in sparing the remaining two-thirds.
This is a stark fulfillment of Romans 6:23: "For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord." Those who reject God receive the full wages of sin.
The Response of Mankind (Revelation 9:20-21)
Refusal to Repent
Despite clear evidence of God’s power and judgment, humanity persists in rebellion. This reflects the total depravity of man, a core doctrine emphasizing humanity's complete inability to seek God apart from divine intervention (Romans 3:10-12).
Their continued worship of idols and demons shows that sin blinds individuals to truth, even when confronted with overwhelming evidence of God’s authority.
Modern Parallels
The sins listed—idolatry, murder, sorcery, sexual immorality, and theft—are not relics of ancient history but defining characteristics of our present age.
Idolatry: Today, materialism, technology, and self-worship dominate culture.
Sorcery: The Greek word pharmakeia links to drug use, which is rampant in modern society.
Sexual Immorality: The pervasive rejection of biblical sexual ethics mirrors the rebellion of the end times.
Lesson: The passage serves as a prophetic warning to our current world, demonstrating the need for repentance before it is too late.
Pretribulational Premillennial Lessons
The Urgency of the Gospel
The judgments in Revelation 9 remind us that God’s wrath is real, imminent, and terrifying. Believers have a responsibility to proclaim salvation through Christ to a world headed for destruction.
The Righteousness of God’s Judgment
Critics of the pretribulational view often question the fairness of such intense wrath. However, this chapter illustrates God’s justice. Humanity’s persistent rebellion, even after numerous warnings, shows the necessity of divine judgment.
The Distinction Between the Church and Israel
The presence of the 144,000 sealed Jews and the absence of the church (already raptured) emphasize the dispensationalist understanding of God’s separate plans for Israel and the church.
Hope for Believers
For those in Christ, these judgments are not a source of fear but of hope. They demonstrate that God will ultimately triumph over evil and establish His kingdom on earth (Revelation 19:11-16).
Concluding Insights
Revelation Chapter 9 highlights the depths of human rebellion, the severity of God’s judgments, and the supernatural dimensions of the tribulation. The pretribulational premillennial perspective brings clarity to the events by maintaining a literal interpretation, emphasizing God’s distinct plans for the church and Israel, and affirming the imminent rapture of believers. This chapter calls us to urgency in evangelism, holiness in living, and hope in the promise of Christ’s return.
