Revelation Chapter 7
A. The 144,000
1. (1-3) Holding back judgment until the servants of God are sealed
After these things I saw four angels standing at the four corners of the earth, holding the four winds of the earth, that the wind should not blow on the earth, on the sea, or on any tree. Then I saw another angel ascending from the east, having the seal of the living God. And he cried with a loud voice to the four angels to whom it was granted to harm the earth and the sea, saying, “Do not harm the earth, the sea, or the trees till we have sealed the servants of our God on their foreheads.”
a. Four angels standing at the four corners of the earth
The phrase "four corners of the earth" is a figure of speech referring to the entirety of the globe, corresponding to the four cardinal directions: north, south, east, and west. This description conveys the global scope of the angels’ actions and authority under God.
Angelic Role: These angels are agents of God's will, tasked with restraining judgment until His command allows its release. This shows God's sovereignty over the forces of judgment and His deliberate control over timing.
b. Holding the four winds of the earth
The imagery of "four winds" suggests a destructive force, often representing God's judgment in Scripture.
Biblical Connections:
Hosea 13:15: "Though he is fruitful among his brethren, an east wind shall come; the wind of the Lord shall come from the wilderness. Then his spring will become dry, and his fountain shall be dried up." This illustrates how winds signify divine judgment.
Zechariah 6:1-8: Four chariots (representing four spirits or winds) are sent forth to execute God's will on the earth. The Hebrew term ruach can mean both "wind" and "spirit," emphasizing the power and authority of God’s agents.
Interpretation: These winds could align with the destructive forces of the four horsemen (Revelation 6:1-8), reinforcing the connection between natural calamities and divine judgment.
c. Another angel ascending from the east, having the seal of the living God
This angel's appearance introduces a moment of mercy amidst impending judgment. The "east" often symbolizes divine intervention and blessing.
Biblical Symbolism of the East:
In Ezekiel 43:1-4, the glory of God enters the temple from the east.
In Luke 1:78, the Messiah is described as the "Dayspring from on high," pointing to light and hope arising from the east.
Seal of the Living God:
In the ancient world, a seal indicated ownership, authenticity, and protection. Here, the seal marks God's servants as belonging to Him and under His divine protection.
This seal stands in contrast to the "mark of the beast" in Revelation 13, highlighting allegiance to God rather than the Antichrist.
d. Do not harm the earth, the sea, or the trees till we have sealed the servants of our God on their foreheads
The command to delay judgment demonstrates God's mercy and intentionality in His actions. The servants must first be marked, showing their identification with and protection by God.
Protective Seal:
Revelation 14:1 clarifies that this seal includes the name of God, signifying ownership and divine care.
Ezekiel 9:4: A similar seal was placed on the righteous in Jerusalem, protecting them from the judgment that befell the city.
e. The servants of our God
The text does not specify the exact nature of their service, but their sealing indicates a unique purpose and mission during the Tribulation. However, the concept of sealing is also relevant to all believers.
Sealing in the New Testament:
John 6:27: Jesus was sealed by God the Father, marking Him as authentic and authoritative.
2 Corinthians 1:21-22: "Now He who establishes us with you in Christ and has anointed us is God, who also has sealed us and given us the Spirit in our hearts as a guarantee."
Ephesians 1:13: "In Him you also trusted, after you heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation; in whom also, having believed, you were sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise."
Ephesians 4:30: "And do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, by whom you were sealed for the day of redemption."
Theological Implications:
Comfort: The seal reassures believers of their eternal security in Christ.
Challenge: Believers are called to live holy lives as those marked by God. 2 Timothy 2:19: "Nevertheless the solid foundation of God stands, having this seal: 'The Lord knows those who are His,' and, 'Let everyone who names the name of Christ depart from iniquity.'"
Contrast with the Unsealed: Those without God's seal face the full weight of His judgment, emphasizing the urgency of belonging to Him.
Doctrinal Applications:
God’s Sovereignty: The angels' actions demonstrate that God is in full control of judgment, ensuring that His purposes are carried out perfectly.
Mercy Amidst Judgment: God's command to withhold destruction until His servants are sealed reflects His patience and mercy. This parallels 2 Peter 3:9: "The Lord is not slack concerning His promise... but is longsuffering toward us, not willing that any should perish."
Believers' Assurance: Just as the 144,000 are sealed for protection, all believers are spiritually sealed by the Holy Spirit, guaranteeing their inheritance in Christ.
God's Timing: The delay in judgment reminds believers to trust in God's perfect timing, both in His acts of justice and His deliverance.
Key Lessons for Believers:
Live with Confidence: As sealed believers, we belong to God and are secure in His promises.
Remain Faithful: Like the 144,000, we are called to serve God in the face of trials, reflecting our allegiance to Him.
Share the Gospel Urgently: The delay in judgment provides an opportunity to lead others to Christ before the fullness of God's wrath is revealed.
2. (4-8) The number of those sealed
And I heard the number of those who were sealed. One hundred and forty-four thousand of all the tribes of the children of Israel were sealed:
of the tribe of Judah twelve thousand were sealed;
of the tribe of Reuben twelve thousand were sealed;
of the tribe of Gad twelve thousand were sealed;
of the tribe of Asher twelve thousand were sealed;
of the tribe of Naphtali twelve thousand were sealed;
of the tribe of Manasseh twelve thousand were sealed;
of the tribe of Simeon twelve thousand were sealed;
of the tribe of Levi twelve thousand were sealed;
of the tribe of Issachar twelve thousand were sealed;
of the tribe of Zebulun twelve thousand were sealed;
of the tribe of Joseph twelve thousand were sealed;
of the tribe of Benjamin twelve thousand were sealed.
a. One hundred and forty-four thousand of all the tribes of the children of Israel were sealed
This description identifies the group as ethnically Jewish, representing 144,000 individuals from all the tribes of Israel. The specificity of this statement suggests a literal fulfillment.
Literal or Symbolic?
Some interpret this number symbolically as representing the Church or spiritual Israel. However, the text emphasizes their tribal affiliation, which strongly supports the view that these are literal descendants of Israel.
Romans 11:1-2 affirms that God has not cast away His people, Israel, and this sealing demonstrates His ongoing plan for them.
Why 144,000?
The number is the product of 12 (the number of Israel’s tribes) multiplied by 12 (representing completeness) and then multiplied by 1,000 (indicating great multitude). This symbolizes God’s completeness and perfect plan in preserving a remnant from Israel.
b. Of the tribe of Judah twelve thousand were sealed
Judah is listed first, even though Reuben was the firstborn. This prioritization reflects Judah's preeminence, as it was the tribe from which Jesus Christ, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, descended (Genesis 49:8-10; Revelation 5:5).
c. Of the tribe of: Exclusion of Dan
The tribe of Dan is omitted from this list. This omission is significant and has been the subject of much speculation.
Dan and Idolatry:
Dan was the first tribe to introduce idolatry into Israel (Judges 18:30-31; Genesis 49:17).
Some believe this omission hints at Dan's association with the Antichrist, drawing from passages such as Daniel 11:37 and Jeremiah 8:16.
Future Redemption for Dan:
Dan is included in Ezekiel’s millennial list of tribes (Ezekiel 48:1), showing that God’s redemptive plan includes this tribe despite its earlier failures.
d. Of the tribe of: Ephraim not mentioned by name
Ephraim is not explicitly mentioned but is represented under the name "Joseph."
Joseph’s Two Tribes:
Joseph’s inheritance was divided between his two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh (Genesis 48:5-6).
Manasseh is explicitly listed, leaving "Joseph" as a reference to Ephraim.
Ephraim’s Idolatry:
Hosea 4:17 highlights Ephraim’s role in leading Israel into idolatry: "Ephraim is joined to idols, let him alone."
This omission may reflect God's judgment on the tribe for its spiritual unfaithfulness.
e. Of the tribe of: Variations in the list
The irregularity of this tribal listing is not a sign of symbolism but rather emphasizes God’s purposes in this particular context. Variations in the tribal listings occur throughout Scripture and each serves a specific purpose.
Examples of Variations:
There are more than 20 distinct listings of the tribes in Scripture, including one that omits Dan (1 Chronicles 4–7).
Different contexts—inheritance, military organization, or prophetic emphasis—determine the structure of the list.
Doctrinal Implications
God’s Faithfulness to Israel:
This passage reaffirms God’s covenant with Israel. Despite centuries of rebellion and judgment, He preserves a remnant for His purposes (Romans 9:27; Romans 11:26).
Judgment and Mercy:
The sealing of the 144,000 demonstrates that even amid judgment, God shows mercy and protects His people.
God’s Sovereign Election:
The specific sealing of 12,000 from each tribe reflects God’s sovereign choice in preserving His people. This mirrors the New Testament doctrine of election (Ephesians 1:4-5).
Key Lessons for Believers
Trust in God’s Promises:
God remains faithful to His promises, both to Israel and to the Church. His Word will not return void (Isaiah 55:11).
God Uses the Imperfect:
The inclusion of tribes like Manasseh, despite their historical failures, and the future redemption of Dan illustrate God’s power to redeem and restore.
Stand Firm in Your Calling:
Just as the 144,000 are sealed for a specific mission, every believer has a unique purpose in God’s kingdom. Be faithful in your service, knowing you are sealed with the Holy Spirit (2 Corinthians 1:21-22).
God’s Sovereignty Over History:
The detailed numbering and tribal arrangement reflect God’s control over all events. Trust that He is orchestrating His redemptive plan perfectly, even when circumstances seem chaotic.
3. Who are these 144,000?
a. Many different groups have claimed to be the 144,000
Throughout history, various groups have identified themselves as the 144,000. For example:
Jehovah’s Witnesses: Initially, the Jehovah’s Witnesses taught that their entire group made up the 144,000. However, when their numbers surpassed 144,000, they revised this teaching, now claiming that only a select group of Witnesses will go to heaven, while the rest will remain on a restored earth.
Scholarly Interpretations: Most Bible scholars regard the 144,000 as either:
Converted Jews who are still identified as Israelites.
A symbolic representation of the church.
Key Issue:
If the 144,000 are symbolic of the church, it implies that the church endures the Great Tribulation but is divinely sealed for survival.
b. Scriptural facts about the 144,000 from Revelation 7 and Revelation 14
Several passages provide insight into their identity:
They are called the children of Israel (Revelation 7:4).
This designation clearly identifies their ethnic and covenantal origin.Their tribal affiliation is specific (Revelation 7:4-8).
Each tribe is explicitly mentioned, reinforcing the literal nature of this identification.They are protected and triumphant: Revelation 14:1 describes them meeting Jesus at Mount Zion upon His return, indicating their preservation through God’s wrath.
They are celibate (Revelation 14:4).
This detail emphasizes their unique dedication and separation unto God.They are the firstfruits of a greater harvest (Revelation 14:4).
Their sealing signifies the beginning of a broader redemptive work among the Jewish people and the world.They are marked by integrity and faithfulness (Revelation 14:5).
The text describes them as being without deceit and blameless.
c. Why the 144,000 are not symbolic of the church
The following points argue against interpreting the 144,000 as a symbolic representation of the church:
Israel is never used as a term for the church in the New Testament:
This designation is strictly applied to the descendants of Jacob, emphasizing the covenantal promises to the Jewish people.Tribal affiliation is literal:
Even if only God knows their exact lineage, there is no compelling reason to treat their tribal identity as symbolic.Celibacy and survival through the tribulation are not characteristics of the church:
The church has never been universally called to celibacy (1 Corinthians 7:1-6).
Revelation describes widespread martyrdom among believers during the tribulation, making the preservation of the entire church unlikely.
The beginning of a greater harvest:
If the 144,000 represent the entire church, it is unclear what additional harvest they signify.
d. Best interpretation of the 144,000
The most consistent interpretation is that the 144,000 are specifically chosen Jewish individuals who come to faith in Jesus Christ during the tribulation. They are divinely sealed for protection and serve as a sign of God’s faithfulness to His covenant promises.
Firstfruits of Israel’s salvation:
They represent the beginning of the fulfillment of Romans 11:1 and Romans 11:26, where Paul affirms that "all Israel will be saved." This aligns with Jesus’ lament over Jerusalem in Matthew 23:37-39 and the prophetic promise of national restoration.A unique group distinct from the church:
Seiss explains that their repentance and sealing occur after the church has completed its mission:
“They are not a part of the Church proper; for their repentance comes too late for that. They are a superaddition to the Church – a supplementary body – near and precious to Christ, but made up after the proper Church has finished its course.”
Doctrinal Implications
God’s Covenant Faithfulness:
The sealing of the 144,000 demonstrates that God has not abandoned His promises to Israel. Despite their past unfaithfulness, He preserves a remnant for His purposes (Romans 11:1-5).
God’s Sovereignty in Salvation:
The selection and sealing of the 144,000 emphasize God’s sovereign election, both in preserving Israel and in His redemptive plan for humanity.
Judgment and Redemption:
Even amid judgment, God extends mercy and preserves a testimony of His grace.
Lessons for Believers
God’s Faithfulness to His Promises:
Just as God preserves the 144,000, He is faithful to His promises to the church. Believers can trust in His unchanging nature.
Hope Amid Tribulation:
The 144,000 remind us that God’s purposes are never thwarted, even during the darkest times. His redemptive plan is unstoppable.
A Call to Holiness and Faithfulness:
The 144,000 are marked by purity and integrity. Likewise, believers are called to live lives set apart for God, reflecting His holiness.
Urgency in Sharing the Gospel:
The 144,000 serve as a reminder of the coming judgment and the need to proclaim the gospel while there is still time (2 Peter 3:9).
B. The Great Multitude
1. (9-10) More worship at the throne of God
After these things I looked, and behold, a great multitude which no one could number, of all nations, tribes, peoples, and tongues, standing before the throne and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes, with palm branches in their hands, and crying out with a loud voice, saying, “Salvation belongs to our God who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb!”
a. A great multitude which no one could number, of all nations, tribes, peoples, and tongues
This great multitude represents the fulfillment of God’s promise to redeem people from every corner of the earth. It reflects the success of the Great Commission as Jesus declared:
"And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached in all the world as a witness to all the nations, and then the end will come" (Matthew 24:14, NKJV).
Diversity in Heaven:
John notes the distinctions among this multitude, signifying that the individuality of each believer is preserved in heaven. The redeemed retain their unique identities as people from every nation, tribe, and tongue worship God together.“After this I looked, and there was a great multitude that no one could count, from every nation, tribe, people, and language, standing before the throne.” (Revelation 7:9).
Spurgeon on Individuality in Heaven:
"There will sit down in heaven not three unknown patriarchs, but Abraham – you will know him; Isaac, you will know him; and Jacob, you will know him. Heaven is not a place of uniform anonymity but a realm where each soul is known and recognized."
b. Standing before the throne and before the Lamb
The position of this multitude underscores their access to God’s immediate presence and their devotion to the Lamb.
Focus on the Throne:
Heaven revolves around God’s sovereignty, symbolized by His throne. Spurgeon remarks:
“This is a peculiar subject of their joy: that God has a throne, that He sits upon it, and that He ruleth over all things.”Divine Sovereignty:
The multitude rejoices because God reigns supreme, ensuring His ultimate victory over evil.
c. Clothed with white robes
The white robes signify two aspects of the believer’s salvation:
Imputed Righteousness:
These robes symbolize the righteousness of Christ, imputed to believers through faith:
“I will greatly rejoice in the Lord, My soul shall be joyful in my God; for He has clothed me with the garments of salvation, He has covered me with the robe of righteousness.” (Isaiah 61:10, NKJV).Priestly Service:
The white robes also suggest readiness for holy service, as Spurgeon observes:
“They are arrayed for holy service, for they wear white robes fitted for their priestly duties.”
d. Palm branches
Palm branches were symbols of victory in biblical and cultural contexts, often associated with celebratory triumph.
Connection to Jesus’ Triumphal Entry:
The use of palm branches echoes John 12:12-16, where Jesus was welcomed into Jerusalem with shouts of “Hosanna” and the waving of palms, signifying His role as Savior and King.Victory Over Hardship:
Spurgeon reflects on the significance of palm branches:
“The palm, the ensign of triumph, indicates a conflict and conquest. From the fact that the glorified carry palms, we may infer that they did not come from beds of sloth or gardens of pleasure but endured hardness, fought warfare, and gained victory.”
e. Salvation belongs to our God who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb!
The multitude worships God for His sovereign work of salvation, emphasizing that salvation is entirely a gift from God and the Lamb.
Salvation as a Gift:
This declaration underscores that salvation is unearned and originates solely from God. As Paul writes:
“For by grace you have been saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God, not of works, lest anyone should boast.” (Ephesians 2:8-9, NKJV).Heavenly Perspective on Salvation:
Believers on earth may take salvation for granted at times, but this multitude in heaven offers an eternal example of gratitude and awe.
Doctrinal Observations
The Universality of Salvation:
God’s plan of redemption encompasses people from every nation, tribe, and tongue, demonstrating His impartial love.The Centrality of Worship:
In heaven, all focus is directed toward God and the Lamb. This highlights the importance of a worship-centered life for believers on earth.Victory Through Christ:
The palm branches remind believers that their ultimate triumph comes through faith in Jesus Christ, who has overcome the world (John 16:33).Gratitude for Salvation:
The declaration of the multitude challenges believers to never lose their sense of wonder and gratitude for the gift of salvation.
Practical Lessons
Celebrate Diversity in the Body of Christ:
The multitude reflects the global nature of God’s kingdom, encouraging believers to embrace and celebrate diversity within the church.Live in Gratitude for Salvation:
Like the great multitude, we should constantly praise God for the gift of salvation, recognizing it as a work of grace.Prepare for Victory:
The imagery of white robes and palm branches calls believers to persevere through trials, knowing that eternal victory awaits.Focus on the Throne:
The heavenly scene emphasizes the centrality of God’s sovereignty, encouraging us to trust Him fully, especially in uncertain times.
2. (11-12) All heavenly creatures join in worship
All the angels stood around the throne and the elders and the four living creatures, and fell on their faces before the throne and worshiped God, saying: “Amen! Blessing and glory and wisdom, Thanksgiving and honor and power and might, Be to our God forever and ever. Amen.”
a. All the angels… the elders and the four living creatures… worshiped God
As the great multitude declares praise to God, all other heavenly beings respond with worship, overwhelmed by the majesty of God and the salvation He has accomplished.
Heavenly Beings United in Worship:
The angels, the elders, and the four living creatures represent the fullness of the heavenly host. Their unified worship emphasizes the centrality of God’s throne and His absolute worthiness of praise.The Posture of Worship:
They fall on their faces before the throne, demonstrating complete submission, reverence, and awe.This act recalls the worship of God throughout Scripture, such as when Moses and Aaron fell on their faces before the glory of the LORD (Numbers 20:6).
In heaven, worship is not casual or distant; it is deeply reverent and intimate.
Worship Fueled by the Multitude's Salvation:
The angels and heavenly beings are compelled to worship as they witness God’s power and grace in redeeming the great multitude. This echoes Luke 15:10, where Jesus teaches that there is joy in the presence of angels over one sinner who repents.
b. Blessing and glory and wisdom, thanksgiving and honor and power and might
The heavenly creatures use a sevenfold declaration of praise, listing attributes of God that highlight His perfection and sovereignty.
Blessing:
This signifies the recognition of God’s goodness and generosity, acknowledging Him as the source of all blessings.Glory:
Glory is the radiance of God’s presence and the manifestation of His divine attributes. All glory belongs to Him alone.Wisdom:
God’s wisdom is displayed in His plan of salvation, His sovereignty over creation, and His ability to bring good even out of evil.Thanksgiving:
This reflects gratitude for God’s works, particularly the salvation of the multitude. It also emphasizes the importance of thanksgiving in worship (1 Thessalonians 5:18).Honor:
God deserves reverence and respect as the Creator, Sustainer, and Redeemer of all things.Power:
God’s omnipotence is evident in His ability to save, judge, and rule over all creation.Might:
This refers to God’s strength and authority, which are unmatched and eternal.
c. Be to our God forever and ever. Amen.
The repetition of “Amen” underscores the certainty and agreement of this declaration of worship. It reflects the eternal nature of God’s attributes and reign.
Eternal Praise:
The phrase "forever and ever" reminds us that worship is not confined to time; it is an eternal activity. Heaven is a place of unending praise to God.Amen as Agreement:
The use of "Amen" at the beginning and end of this praise serves as an affirmation of truth and certainty. It is as if all of heaven declares, “So let it be.”
Doctrinal Insights
The Perfection of God’s Attributes:
The sevenfold praise reflects the completeness and perfection of God’s character and work. Every aspect of His nature deserves recognition and worship.Heavenly Joy Over Salvation:
The salvation of the multitude reveals the richness of God’s grace, prompting even the heavenly host to worship.The Centrality of God’s Throne:
All beings—angelic and redeemed—focus their worship on God’s throne, emphasizing His sovereign rule.The Eternity of Worship:
Worship is not limited to a moment or season; it is the eternal response to the eternal God.
Practical Lessons
Rejoice in the Salvation of Others:
Just as the angels are moved to worship by the salvation of the multitude, believers should celebrate and praise God when others come to faith.Live a Life of Thanksgiving:
Thanksgiving is central to worship in heaven and should be a key part of our earthly worship. Cultivate gratitude in prayer and praise.Recognize God’s Attributes in Worship:
Like the heavenly host, our worship should acknowledge the fullness of God’s character, from His power to His grace.Prepare for Eternal Worship:
Worship is the eternal activity of heaven. Developing a lifestyle of worship now prepares us to join in the heavenly chorus one day.
3. (13-14) The Identity of the Great Multitude
Then one of the elders answered, saying to me, “Who are these arrayed in white robes, and where did they come from?” And I said to him, “Sir, you know.” So he said to me, “These are the ones who come out of the great tribulation, and washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb.”
a. Then one of the elders answered
The elder’s question was a prompt for John to gain understanding. Though John observed the great multitude, the elder’s intervention ensured John grasped their identity and significance.
A Teaching Moment:
John may not have known he should ask, but the elder stepped in to provide clarity, showing the importance of knowing who the great multitude is.Divine Revelation through Elders:
The elder’s role reflects how God uses leaders and messengers to communicate His truths. This interaction mirrors the teaching role of spiritual leaders within the church.
b. These are the ones who come out of the great tribulation
The elder identifies the great multitude as those who have endured and emerged from the great tribulation.
The Great Tribulation Defined:
The phrase "the great tribulation" is emphatic in the original Greek, indicating a specific and unparalleled time of suffering and judgment on earth.Jesus referred to this time in Matthew 24:21, saying: "For then there will be great tribulation, such as has not been since the beginning of the world until this time, no, nor ever shall be."
Their Faith Amid Tribulation:
This multitude represents those who have been redeemed during this period, enduring hardship, persecution, and potentially martyrdom.The vast number of tribulation saints is a testament to God's mercy, even during His judgment. Many are brought into His kingdom, demonstrating that His grace remains accessible.
Evangelistic Role of the 144,000:
Many scholars believe the 144,000 sealed servants of God play a role in this great harvest of souls. They may serve as evangelists during the tribulation, spreading the gospel and leading multitudes to salvation.
c. Washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb
The salvation of this multitude is explicitly linked to the redemptive work of Jesus Christ, emphasizing that even in the tribulation, salvation is only by grace through faith in Christ.
The Power of the Blood:
The multitude's robes are white not because of their own righteousness but because they have been cleansed by the blood of the Lamb. This highlights the substitutionary atonement of Christ.Isaiah 1:18: "Come now, and let us reason together," says the Lord, "Though your sins are like scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they are red like crimson, they shall be as wool."
This cleansing is a spiritual reality, transforming those who believe in Christ into a holy and pure people.
White by Blood:
The imagery of being made white by blood is paradoxical but deeply symbolic. Blood usually stains, but the blood of Jesus has a cleansing effect, making sinners pure and holy before God.Not by Martyrdom, but by Grace:
Although many in the multitude may have been martyred, their martyrdom is not the cause of their salvation. Salvation is always through the finished work of Christ.Spurgeon commented: "Not one of them became white through his tears of repentance, not one through the shedding of the blood of bulls or of goats. They all wanted a vicarious sacrifice… and for none of them was any sacrifice effectual, except the death of Jesus Christ the Lord."
Faith Applied:
This passage underscores that faith in the Lamb’s sacrificial blood is the sole means of salvation. The robes symbolize the righteousness imputed to believers by Christ.
Doctrinal Insights
Salvation Through the Blood of Christ:
The blood of Jesus is the only means of cleansing sin, as seen throughout Scripture (Hebrews 9:22, 1 John 1:7). This truth is universal, extending even to those saved during the tribulation.God’s Mercy in Judgment:
Even during the great tribulation, God’s grace and mercy are evident. He continues to draw people to Himself, demonstrating His desire for all to be saved (2 Peter 3:9).The Global Scope of Salvation:
The great multitude comes from every nation, tribe, and tongue, reflecting the universal reach of the gospel. This fulfills Jesus’ command in Matthew 28:19-20.Righteousness by Faith, Not Works:
The whiteness of the robes is a result of faith in Christ’s atoning work, not personal merit. This aligns with Ephesians 2:8-9, which states that salvation is by grace through faith.
Practical Applications
Cling to the Cross:
This passage reminds us that our salvation is not based on our efforts but on the sacrificial work of Jesus. Trust fully in His blood for cleansing and redemption.Evangelize While There’s Time:
If God’s grace is extended even during the tribulation, how much more should we share the gospel now, when the door to salvation is open wide?Find Hope in God's Mercy:
Even in the darkest times of judgment, God’s mercy shines. No one is beyond the reach of His saving grace.Prepare for Tribulation:
While believers today are spared from God’s wrath, this passage is a sobering reminder to remain steadfast in faith, knowing trials will come (John 16:33).
Key Takeaway
The great multitude demonstrates that God’s grace knows no bounds, extending to every corner of the earth and every period of history, even the great tribulation. Their salvation is a powerful testimony to the sufficiency of Christ’s blood and the faithfulness of God’s promises.
4. (15-17) What this great multitude does, and how it is blessed.
"Therefore they are before the throne of God, and serve Him day and night in His temple. And He who sits on the throne will dwell among them. They shall neither hunger anymore nor thirst anymore; the sun shall not strike them, nor any heat; for the Lamb who is in the midst of the throne will shepherd them and lead them to living fountains of waters. And God will wipe away every tear from their eyes."
a. They are before the throne of God:
In heaven, the redeemed are granted the incredible privilege of standing in the immediate presence of God. There are no barriers, intermediaries, or limitations in their access to His throne. This proximity to God reflects the full realization of His redemptive plan—unhindered fellowship between Creator and redeemed creation.
Psalm 16:11: "You will show me the path of life; in Your presence is fullness of joy; at Your right hand are pleasures forevermore."
Revelation 22:4: "They shall see His face, and His name shall be on their foreheads."
i. Triumph Through Faith, Not Affliction:
These saints endured great tribulation and overcame their trials, but their salvation was not achieved through suffering or merit. Instead, their faith in Jesus Christ secured their place before the throne. Spurgeon reminds us, "Affliction of itself does not sanctify anybody, but the reverse. I believe in sanctified afflictions, but not in sanctifying afflictions."
b. And serve Him day and night in His temple:
In heaven, the redeemed will serve God continually. While we are not given specifics about their service, it is described as perpetual worship and activity aligned with His holy purposes. This service is not burdensome but a privilege and a joy.
Revelation 22:3: "And there shall be no more curse, but the throne of God and of the Lamb shall be in it, and His servants shall serve Him."
Spurgeon noted, "Heaven is not only a place of rest from earthly toil but also a place of privileged service."
i. Eternal Worship and Service:
The temple mentioned here is not a literal building, as Revelation 21:22 explains, "But I saw no temple in it, for the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are its temple." This signifies that worship and service will permeate all of heavenly existence.
c. He who sits on the throne will dwell among them:
This is the ultimate fulfillment of God’s covenant promises. From the tabernacle in the wilderness to the incarnation of Jesus, God has always desired to dwell among His people. In heaven, this dwelling will be fully realized in perfect communion.
Psalm 27:4: "One thing I have desired of the Lord, that will I seek: that I may dwell in the house of the Lord all the days of my life, to behold the beauty of the Lord, and to inquire in His temple."
d. The Lamb who is in the midst of the throne will shepherd them:
Jesus, the Lamb of God, takes on the role of a shepherd, guiding His people to eternal peace and satisfaction. His care provides protection and provision, ensuring that they will never again experience hunger, thirst, or harm.
John 10:11: "I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd gives His life for the sheep."
Psalm 23:1-2: "The Lord is my shepherd; I shall not want. He makes me to lie down in green pastures; He leads me beside the still waters."
i. Living Fountains of Waters:
The "living fountains of waters" symbolize eternal life, satisfaction, and refreshment found in the presence of God. Jesus fulfills His promise from John 7:38-39: "He who believes in Me, as the Scripture has said, out of his heart will flow rivers of living water."
e. God will wipe away every tear from their eyes:
This tender imagery speaks of God’s intimate care for His people. In heaven, the redeemed will no longer experience sorrow, pain, or regret. Every tear shed on earth will be lovingly wiped away by God Himself.
Isaiah 25:8: "He will swallow up death forever, and the Lord God will wipe away tears from all faces; the rebuke of His people He will take away from all the earth; for the Lord has spoken."
i. No Sorrow in Heaven:
This does not imply that believers will forget their earthly lives but that their perspective will be transformed. Spurgeon offered a profound insight: "Perfect acquiescence in the divine will is probably the secret of it."
ii. Comfort for Earthly Tears:
Until that day, God provides comfort for His people on earth. 2 Corinthians 1:3-4 says, "Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of mercies and God of all comfort, who comforts us in all our tribulation."
Doctrinal and Practical Takeaways:
God’s Presence Is the Ultimate Reward:
Heaven’s greatest blessing is not the absence of pain but the presence of God Himself. Believers should long for this intimate fellowship.Service in Heaven Will Be Fulfilling:
The redeemed are not idle in heaven but actively serve God, reflecting that true worship involves both adoration and action.God’s Care Is Eternal:
The image of God wiping away every tear assures believers that their suffering is not forgotten and will be replaced with eternal joy.Jesus, the Eternal Shepherd:
Jesus’ role as shepherd extends into eternity, guiding His people to abundant and eternal life.
Theological Insights
The Nature of God's Mercy in Judgment
The sealing of the 144,000 and the salvation of the great multitude underscore that God's mercy is active even during His wrath.
2 Peter 3:9 is a key verse here: “The Lord is not slack concerning His promise, as some count slackness, but is longsuffering toward us, not willing that any should perish but that all should come to repentance.”
Application: God is always calling sinners to repentance, even during times of great judgment.
The Vindication of God’s Promises to Israel
The sealing of the 144,000 serves as a testament to God’s faithfulness to His covenant with Israel (Genesis 12:1-3, Romans 11:1-2).
The distinctiveness of the tribes reminds us that God’s promises to Israel are literal and enduring, countering replacement theology.
Application: Believers can trust in God’s promises, knowing He remains faithful to His covenants.
Heavenly Worship as the Ultimate Goal
Both the 144,000 and the great multitude point to the ultimate purpose of humanity: worship and glorification of God. John 4:23-24 declares that God seeks true worshipers, and heaven is the fulfillment of this divine longing.
The Sufficiency of Christ's Blood
The emphasis on the robes being washed in the blood of the Lamb reflects the centrality of the atonement in salvation. No works, sacrifices, or martyrdom earn salvation; it is entirely by grace through faith in Christ.
Application: This truth should continually humble and inspire believers to share the gospel message.
The Multitude as the Fulfillment of the Great Commission
The great multitude from every nation, tribe, people, and tongue fulfills the promise in Matthew 24:14: “And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached in all the world as a witness to all the nations, and then the end will come.”
Application: Every believer has a role in the Great Commission, and this passage provides assurance that God’s mission will be accomplished.
Premillennial and Pretribulational Perspectives
Timing of the 144,000 and the Multitude
In the premillennial, pretribulational view, the 144,000 represent a group of Jewish evangelists raised up after the rapture to carry the gospel during the tribulation. The great multitude are likely the fruit of their labor, saved during this time of unparalleled tribulation.
Pretribulational Context
The sealing of the 144,000 and the multitude’s presence in heaven affirm that the church is not present on earth during this period. Instead, the church has already been raptured, and God’s focus has shifted back to Israel (Daniel 9:24-27, Romans 11:25-27).
Literal Interpretation of the Tribes
The specific naming of the tribes and the preservation of Israel during the tribulation reinforces the premillennial view that God’s promises to Israel are not symbolic or spiritualized but literal and enduring.
Lessons for Believers
God's Sovereignty in History
Revelation 7 is a reminder that history is not random or chaotic but unfolds according to God’s sovereign plan. He orchestrates every event for His glory and the ultimate good of His people.
The Inclusivity of God’s Kingdom
The great multitude demonstrates the global reach of the gospel. The diversity of nations, tribes, peoples, and tongues should inspire believers to support missions and embrace the beauty of God’s kingdom diversity.
Eternal Perspective in Worship
The heavenly worship described in Revelation 7 challenges believers to adopt a lifestyle of worship now, recognizing that earthly struggles will fade in the presence of God’s glory.
Urgency of Evangelism
The salvation of the great multitude during the tribulation highlights the urgency of evangelism. While there will be salvation during the tribulation, the cost will be severe, and the opportunity to respond is now (2 Corinthians 6:2).
God’s Faithfulness to His Plan for Redemption
The Timing of God’s Judgment Is Deliberate:
The sealing of the 144,000 before judgment reflects that God never acts impulsively or without purpose. His redemptive plan unfolds in precise stages, even amid wrath.
Application: Believers can trust God's perfect timing, especially when it seems delayed. This echoes Habakkuk 2:3, “For the vision is yet for an appointed time… though it tarries, wait for it.”
A Picture of God’s Mercy Amid Judgment:
The sealing and the presence of the great multitude remind us that even during the Great Tribulation, God’s desire is to save as many as possible.
Application: The church should remember that mercy tempers God’s justice. Even in tribulation, He calls sinners to Himself.
The Distinction Between the Church and Israel
The Literal Fulfillment of Prophecy:
The clear distinction between the 144,000 and the great multitude aligns with premillennial theology. God fulfills His covenant with Israel while simultaneously expanding His redemptive work globally.
Theological Point: This counters replacement theology, affirming that God’s promises to Israel remain intact (Romans 11:1-2, 11:26).
The Identity of the Great Multitude:
The multitude represents the fruit of a unique evangelistic work, distinct from the church age. This points to a global awakening during the tribulation through the ministry of the sealed 144,000.
Application: It shows that God’s plan for salvation transcends human understanding and cannot be thwarted by even the darkest times.
Eternal Rewards and Worship in Heaven
The Nature of Heavenly Worship:
The continual worship of the multitude and heavenly beings points to the ultimate fulfillment of human purpose: glorifying God forever.
Application: Believers should cultivate worship here and now as preparation for heaven, living a life that reflects God’s glory.
The Joy of Service in Heaven:
The redeemed serving God “day and night” in His temple is not drudgery but delight, reflecting the perfect union of purpose and fulfillment in eternity.
Application: Serve faithfully on earth, knowing that heavenly service will be the ultimate joy (Colossians 3:23-24).
God’s Comfort and Provision:
The promises of no hunger, thirst, or tears show God’s tender care for His people. His dwelling with them reflects the culmination of His covenant promise.
Application: Believers can rest assured that every earthly sorrow will be redeemed in eternity. Live in light of this hope.
God’s Sovereignty Over Salvation
The Work of Christ:
The robes washed white in the blood of the Lamb emphasize that salvation is solely the work of Jesus. This echoes Isaiah 1:18, “Though your sins are like scarlet, they shall be as white as snow.”
Application: Salvation by grace should inspire both gratitude and a life of holiness.
Tribulation Saints as an Encouragement:
Despite the intense persecution during the tribulation, God preserves a faithful remnant. Their presence in heaven proves that even in the worst of times, His grace abounds.
Application: Believers should remain steadfast in faith, knowing that God’s grace is sufficient in all trials (2 Corinthians 12:9).
The Sovereignty of the Lamb
The Role of Christ as Shepherd:
Jesus as the shepherd in heaven fulfills Psalm 23:1-2: “The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want. He makes me to lie down in green pastures; He leads me beside the still waters.”
Application: Trust Jesus as the shepherd of your life now, confident that He will lead you to eternal rest.
Eternal Victory Over Sorrow:
God wiping away every tear demonstrates that heaven is the ultimate victory over sin, pain, and death.
Application: Live with an eternal perspective, knowing that the struggles of this life are temporary (Romans 8:18).
